Do you plan to adopt Team Foundation Version Control TFVCand are wondering how to best use branches? We will not delve deep into branching features, as they are well documented in the product documentation and guidancebut will explore a few common branching strategies to help you make the right decision. Unlike Git branches, which are repository scoped, TFVC branches are path scoped and not as light-weight. Set your bar for creating branches high, to avoid the management it takes to keep track of branches, storage resources and resolution of merge conflicts. Consider branching only if you have multiple teams working on the same codebase, or need isolation for development or release. The Main Only strategy can be folder based or with the main folder converted to a Versioningto enable additional visibility features. You commit your changes to the main branch and optionally indicate development and strategy milestones with labels. Start with the the main only branching strategy, branch strategically and adopt other strategies to evolve into more complex strategies as needed. When you need to maintain and protect a stable main branch, you can branch one or more dev branches from maingiving you isolation and concurrent development. Work can be isolated in development branches by feature, organization or tfs collaboration. Changes made to main branch, should be forward integrated FI to the dev branch and merge conflicts resolved, before changes are reverse integrated RI back to main. To maintain the same quality bar across branches, always build and run build verification tests BVTs on dev the same way you are doing on main. Optionally combine this branching strategy with other strategies covered herein. With this strategy, teams are likely to keep the dev branch around forever, potentially building a large merge ticket history. Feature isolation is a special derivation of the development isolation, allowing you to branch one or more feature branches from mainas shown, or from your strategy branches. When you need to work on a particular feature, it might be a good idea to create a feature branch. You should keep the lifetime of feature work and the associated feature branch short-lived. Forward integrate FI changes from the parent branch frequently, but reverse integrate RI back to the parent only when tfs agreed team criteria, for example definition of done, is met. Rollback of features on main can be costly and may reset testing. Release isolation introduces one or more release branches from mainenabling concurrent release management, multiple and parallel releases, and accurate snapshots of your codebase at release time. When your codebase tfs the first release candidate or the release is ready to be locked down, it might be a good time to versioning a new branch for the release. Never forward integrate FI from main and lock release branches using access permissions, to prevent unintended modifications to a release. Patches and hot fixes made versioning the release branch can be reverse integrated RI back to the main branch. None of the branching scenarios are immutable, which is why you notice emergency hotfixes performed on release branches. Evolve each strategy to match your requirements, without losing sight of complexity and associated cost. Servicing and Release Isolation strategy introduces servicing branches, enabling concurrent servicing management of service packs, and accurate snapshots of your codebase at service and release time. Consider strategy strategy if you need a servicing model for customers to upgrade to the next major release and additional service packs per release. Like the release isolation, the servicing isolation and release branches are created when the release is ready to be locked down. Never forward integrate from main to servicingor from servicing to releaseand lock the release branch to prevent modifications. Future servicing changes can be done tfs the servicing branch. Create new servicing and release versioning for subsequent releases if you require that level of isolation. Although not recommended, you can continue to evolve the strategies, by introducing additional hotfix branches and associated release scenarios. At this point you have successfully explored a few of the common TFVC branching scenarios. You can evolve them, or investigate other strategies such as feature togglingtoggling features on and off to determine whether a feature is available at run time. To embrace DevOps you need to rely on automation of build, test and deployment. Change is continuousfrequent and merge operations more challenging as merge conflicts often require manual intervention. It is therefore recommended to avoid branching and rely on other strategies, such as feature toggling. Your goal should be get changes back into main as soon as possible, to mitigate long-term merge consequences. Temporary, unused and abundant branches cause confusion and overhead for the team. Yes, but it is not recommended, unless teams must share source and cannot share a common process. The Code Promotion strategy feels like a relic from the waterfall development era. It is typically with long testing cycles, and separate development and testing teams. The strategy is no longer recommended. Refer to the strategy guidance for more information. You have likely ignored versioning in previous merges, for example, using the keep source conflict resolution versioning. See merging developement branch to main: The TFVC Feature Isolation branching strategy is similar to the Git topic branches. You bear the risk of using it. This document does not provide you with any legal tfs to any intellectual property in any Microsoft product. You may copy and use this document for your internal, reference purposes. Microsoft Developer Network TechNet Platforms Microsoft Azure Visual Studio Visual Studio Team Services Windows Office All Developer Tfs IT TechCenters Windows IT TechCenter Office for IT Pros All IT TechCenters Downloads Microsoft Download Center Microsoft Azure Visual Studio SDKs Windows Code samples PowerShell scripts. Branching strategies with Versioning Last Update: Main Only The Main Only strategy can be folder based or with the main folder converted to a Branchto enable additional visibility features. The mutability and lack of history with TFVC labels can add risk of change control. Development isolation When tfs need to maintain and protect a stable main branch, you can branch one or more dev branches from maingiving you isolation and concurrent strategy. Feature isolation Feature isolation is a special derivation of the development isolation, allowing you to branch one or more feature branches from mainas shown, or from your dev branches. Release isolation Release isolation introduces one or more release branches from mainenabling concurrent release management, multiple and parallel releases, and accurate snapshots of your codebase at release time. Servicing and Release isolation Servicing and Release Isolation strategy introduces strategy branches, enabling concurrent servicing management of service packs, and accurate snapshots of your codebase at service and release time. Servicing, Hotfix, Release isolation Although not recommended, you can continue to evolve the strategies, by introducing additional hotfix branches and associated release scenarios. By keeping branches short-lived, merge conflicts are kept to as few as possible. Why only branch if neccessary? Can a codebase be branched across team projects? What about the code promotion strategy? When merging dev to main branch, why are no changes detected? Are there similarities between TFVC and Git branch strategies? Jesse Houwing, Marcus Fernandez, Mike Fourie, and Willy Strategy c Microsoft Corporation.
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